To celebrate Husayn's birth, Muhammad sacrificed a ram, and Fatima shaved his head and donated the same weight of his hair in silver as alms. Being a grandson of the prophet, he is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt. [70] He poked Husayn's mouth with a stick and intended to kill Ali Zayn al-Abidin, but spared him after the pleas of Husayn's sister Zaynab. Husayn was unaware of the change of political circumstances in Kufa and decided to depart. [11] [61] Husayn's speech moved Hurr to defect to his side. Dalip Frashri's Kopshti i te Mirevet is the earliest, and longest epic so far, written in the Albanian language; the Battle of Karbala is described in detail and Frashri eulogizes those who fell as martyrs, in particular Husayn. [52] If Ibn Sa'd was unwilling to carry out the attack, he was instructed to hand over command to Shemr. There are monuments called "Maqam Ra's al-Husayn" in different cities. "When we came outside Hirah, Imam (as) asked me to move ahead and I did so. Imam Hussain Rali yallahoo tha'alah Anhu is the grand son of Prophet Mohammed Sallalahoo Alaihi Wassalaam. The battle was one-sided and ended with a decisive Umayyad victory, while Hussain and his soldiers were brutally killed. Also, verses such as 77 Surah an-Nisa, 33 Surah al-Isra and 27th to 30th Surah Al-Fajr refer to the uprising and killing of Husayn from the Shiite point of view. There are two views about where imam Husseins head is buried. Narrations about him can be divided into two periods before and after the Imamate. Please enter the correct OTP! [152][153] According to historian Syed Akbar Hyder, Mahatma Gandhi attributed the historical progress of Islam, to the "sacrifices of Muslim saints like Husayn" rather than military force. Since few people from Husayn's camp survived, most eyewitnesses were from the second category. [151] [142], In the explanation and interpretation of verse 23 of Surah ash-Shura, Tabatabai in Al-Mizan, while reporting and criticizing the various sayings of the commentators, has said that the meaning of "nearness" is the love of the Ahl al-Bayt of Muhammad; That is, Ali is Fatima, Hassan and Husayn. He is also considered to be a member of the Ahl al-Kisa, and a participant in the event of Mubahala. [137] According to the Shia scholar, Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, the opinion of some commentators about the difference in taste between Hasan and Husayn is misplaced; Because despite not swearing allegiance to Yazid, Husayn, like his brother, spent ten years in Mu'awiya's rule and never opposed it. [Source: al-Amaali - Shaikh Sadooq, Pg. Some Shia Muslims believe that Husayns head (ras mubarak) is buried on the grounds of the mosque where a mausoleum is located today and considered to be what is left of the Fatimid architecture in the building. [108] According to Shi'a tradition the first such visit was performed by Husayn's son Ali Zayn al-Abidin and the surviving family members during their return from Syria to Medina. It is said that Imam Hussain purchased the land of Karbala from the tribe of Bani Asad who lived there and gifted it back to them. Shia mourn during Muharram, although Sunnis do so to a much lesser extent. Did The Prophet Muhammad (S) Know About Karbala? How many biogeographical classification of India? [9], In one place, Husayn recited a sermon and said: "I do not see death except as martyrdom and living with the oppressors except as hardship." OTP entered does not match. [224] He too sees Husayn's death as a sacrifice made in the path of God, and condemns Yazid as being bereft of divine love. Political supporters of Ali and his descendants (Alids). Husayn is said to have killed many of his attackers. Sayyid shabab al-djanna[c] is an epithet used by Shias to refer to each of Muhammad's grandsons. ?680 ADRubab bint Imra al-Qaism. "No," I replied. Unrecognized Email or Password, please try again. If you regularly visit this site and wish to show your appreciation, or if you wish to see further development of Al-Islam.org, please donate online. The author saw Sunni Muslims in both Karbala and Najaf. [10], According to Madelung, Husayn had two sons named Ali. [115] After taking over Iran in 1501, Safavids, who were previously a Sufi order, declared the state religion to be Twelver Shi'ism. [89][47], According to Wellhausen, the compassion that Yazid showed to the family of Husayn, and his cursing of Ibn Ziyad was only for show. 8 Muharram: Referred to as the Muharram Rebellion, the Bengali Muslims of Sylhet lead one of the earliest anti-British uprisings in the subcontinent. (Martyred) Date: Friday, 10th Muharram, 61 A.H. Place: Kerbala, Iraq Age: 57 years Cause: Massacred along with some of his family members and companions by the army of Yazid ibn Mu'awiya Buried: Kerbala, Iraq Introduction : Marwan ibn Hakam told Walid to imprison or behead him, but due to Husayn's kinship with Muhammad, Walid was unwilling to take any action against him. [226], Grandson of Muhammad and the 3rd Imam (626680), During the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman, Modern historical views on motivations of Husayn. The battle was followed by the Second Fitna, during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. [82] Fred Donner, G. R. Hawting, and Hugh N. Kennedy see Husayn's revolt as an attempt to regain what his brother Hasan had renounced. [10] If you support me, I will go to Kufa. Christian tradition generally places the tomb of Adam in Jerusalem under the place where Jesus was crucified, called the Cave of Treasures and described in the Syriac Book of the Cave of Treasures. Jewish tradition generally places the burial place of Adam in the Cave of Machpelah where Abraham and his sons are . According to William C. Chittick, this prayer is the most famous prayer in terms of its beauty and spiritual structure and is recited every year on the Day of Arafah and during the Hajj season - that is, when it was first recited by Husayn ibn Ali - by Shia pilgrims. [97] Abu Mikhnaf's original text seems to have been lost and the version extant today has been transmitted through secondary sources such as the History of Prophets and Kings by al-Tabari; and Ansab al-Ashraf by Baladhuri. Ab Abd Allh al-usayn ibn Al ibn Ab lib (Arabic: ; 10 January 626 10 October 680) was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muhammad's daughter Fatima, as well as a younger brother of Hasan ibn Ali. Umayyad The older one, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin who became the fourth Shia Imam later, was 23 years old when his younger brother (Ali al-Akbar) was killed in the Battle of Karbala at the age of 19. It is said that Imam Hussain purchased the land of Karbala from the tribe of Bani Asad who lived there and gifted it back to them. Muhammad reported the Karbala incident on several occasions; For example, he gave a small bottle of soil to Umm Salama and told her that the soil inside the bottle would turn into blood after Husayn was killed. Husayn had a daughter, Amena (or Amina or Omayma) who is known as Sakinah, from her. Shemr wanted to burn that one too, but was prevented by his companions. A young boy from Husayn's camp escaped from the tents, ran to him, tried to defend him from a sword stroke and had his arm cut off. Upon hearing this, Husayn allowed his supporters to leave the caravan due to the depressing issues such as the betrayal of the Kufis. [149][150] According to Vaglieri, only the adherents of the Umayyad who considered him as "a rebel against the established authority", condoned his murder by Yazid, but their opinion was opposed by the majority of Muslims. Hand-to-hand fighting paused and further volleys of arrows were exchanged. [164][165][163] The head remained buried in Ashkelon until 1153 (for about 250 years) only. Placed next to Imam Hussains shrine are the graves of two of his sons Ali Akbar and Ali Asghar. [34] Husayn then left Kufa for Medina along with Hasan and Abdullah ibn Ja'far. Husayn's caravan started to move towards Qadisiyya, and Hurr followed them. His control extended to most of Iraq and parts of northwestern Iran. 1197 AH (1782 AD). [92], The primary source of the Karbala narrative is the work of the Kufan historian Abu Mikhnaf titled Kitab Maqtal Al-Husayn. The news of the murder of Muslim ibn Aqeel and Hani ibn Arwa was reported by some travellers, for the first time in Thalabiyah. ", "Then he asked me to have the donkey and the mule saddled. [156] With his return, Husayn and his seventy-two companions are expected to be resurrected along with their killers, who will then be punished. On the way, he refused to accept the offer to go to the tribe of Tayy by pointing to his pact with Hur about not returning. 680683). [Video] Having food and drink of others may be Haram! According to Madelung, these reports are probably untrue as Husayn at this stage is unlikely to have considered submitting to Yazid. Abd Allah ibn Abbas and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr advised him not to move to Iraq, or, if he was determined, not to take women and children with him. [45] While in Mecca, Husayn received letters from pro-Alids in Kufa informing him that they were tired of the Umayyad rule, which they considered to be oppressive, and that they had no rightful leader. According to Julius Wellhausen, most of them regretted their actions in the battle and embellished the accounts of the battle in favor of Husayn in order to dilute their guilt. [138] Mohammad Emadi Haeri believes that Husayn is considered to be similar to Muhammad in most sources, and in one narration the most similar to him. Und es besteht kein Zweifel, dass der Kopf auch bei den anderen Kpfen in Scham war. [33] How Many From The Army Of Imam Husayn (A) Survived The Battle? [10] The family formed from the marriage of Ali and Fatima was praised many times by Muhammad. Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera By: Qazi Dr. Shaikh Abbas Borhany PhD (USA), NDI, Shahadat al A'alamiyyah (Najaf, Iraq), M.A., LLM (Shariah) Member, Ulama Council of Pakistan. Who killed Hussain? With this letter, Obaidullah wanted to force Husayn to fight. [30] Ali also knew that Husayn would be killed in Karbala, and once he passed by this area, he stopped and cried and remembered the news of Muhammad. 4 & al-Kafi, Vol. The tomb and its annexes were destroyed by Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil in 850-851 and Shia pilgrimage was prohibited, but shrines in Karbala and Najaf were built by the Buwayhid emir Adud al-Daula in in 979-80. The sacred head of Imam Hussein (A.S) also spoke in the court of the evil Yazid. [47] He collected his blood in a cupped hand and cast towards the sky, complaining to God of his suffering. Eventually Shemr shouted: "Shame on you! And there's no doubt that the head was with the other heads in Sham as well. After that, in the third century AH, a monument was built on it, which was considered during the time of some Abbasid caliphs and Dailami princes and patriarchal and Ottoman rulers, and over time, the city of Karbala was built and expanded around it. [174] In order to enhance their legitimacy, Abbasid rulers claimed to have avenged the death of Husayn by dethroning the Umayyads. Sayyid Ela' Dheya' Eddeen - museum director - said, "Where the piece of marble was is most likely a sign indicating the Imam's holy head. [207] The universe as well as humanity are described as having been created on the day of Ashura (10 Muharram). Why Do We Beat Our Chest For Imam Husayn (A)? [149] According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, it is seen by Shi'as the climax of suffering and oppression, revenge for which came to be one of the primary goals of many Shi'a uprisings. Husayn refused this, citing his abhorrence of bloodshed in the sanctuary,[48] and decided to go ahead with his plan.[46]. He interpreted Karbala() as () anguish and () calamity. [19] H added that there were some traditions with regard to this but they were mere fabrications. In the area of Sharaf or Zuhsam, armies emerged from Kufa under the leadership of Hurr ibn Yazid. [65], Since Umayyad forces could approach Husayn's army from the front only, Ibn Sa'd ordered the tents to be burned. According to Madelung, Husayn was similar to his father, Ali, while Hasan had the temperament of Muhammad and criticized the policies of his father, Ali. After negotiations with Husayn, Ibn Sa'd wrote to Ibn Ziyad that Husayn was willing to return. [9], Shi'a Muslims consider pilgrimages to Husayn's tomb to be a source of divine blessings and rewards. [104], When Shi'ism became the official religion of Iran in the 16th century, Safavid rulers such as Shah Tahmasp I, patronized poets who wrote about the Battle of Karbala. Husayn also named this child Ali because he was superior to Zayn al-'Abidin, who was born a slave girl, because of his mother's Arab lineage. [50] He took the northerly route through the Arabian Desert. Further on the way, he received the news of the execution of Ibn Aqil and the indifference of the people of Kufa. [174][175] Although the Penitents had used the same slogan, they do not seem have had a political program. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved He goes on to cite various narrations from Sunnis and Shiites that have clarified this issue. Ibn Sa'd approached the tents and Husayn's sister Zaynab complained to him: "'Umar b. Sa'd, will Abu 'Abd Allah (the kunya of Husayn) be killed while you stand and watch? [36] . [150] The impact on Shi'a Islam has been much deeper. [176] During the early years of their rule, they also encouraged Muharram rituals. The first and second Rashidun Caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, are buried next to Muhammad. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. It has a central place in the Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature. [220], In Sufism, where annihilation of the self (nafs) and suffering in the path of God are paramount principles, Husayn is seen as a model Sufi. According to the Bible, Joseph was embalmed and buried in a coffin in Egypt, after having his people swear to carry his bones away. There are also prayers left by Husayn Ibn Ali which have been published in the form of collections entitled Al-Sahifa Al-Husayn or prays of Imam Al-Husayn. The battle was between Yazids army from Syria reinforced by troops from Kufa, and the caravan of families and friends of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Maqatil) works narrate the story of someone's death. [145], There are narrations that Gabriel informed Muhammad at the time of Husayn's birth that his ummah would kill Husayn and that the Imamate would be from Husayn, and that Muhammad informed his companions of how Husayn had been killed. [221] Persian Sufi poet Hakim Sanai describes Husayn as a martyr, higher in rank than all the other martyrs of the world; while Farid ud-Din Attar considers him a prototype of a Sufi who sacrificed himself in the love of God. [11][12] to provoke him." There is also a narration that Ali considers Hussein to be the most similar person in terms of behavior. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1995-2023. [192] ", [Source: Kamil al-Ziyaraat, Chapter. Two entrance gates were made for the shrine. [72] The heads and the family were then sent to Yazid,[70] who also poked Husayn's mouth with a stick. As a member of holy five he receives all the divine grace that exist in his older brother, Hasan; also as the grandson of Muhammad. [119] In Iran, the battle scenes of Karbala are performed on stage in front of an audience in a ritual called taziya (passion play), also known as shabih. Is Giving Food Out Permissible In Muharram? Another report says that Uthman asked Ali's help. [56] Later, a messenger from Ibn Ziad came to Hur and without greeting Husayn, gave a letter to Hur in which Ibn Ziad had ordered him to not to stop in a place where Husayn can have easy access to water. But those who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not leave him. Madelung believes that Husayn did not recognize this treaty at first, but pressed by Hasan, accepted it. [10] Required fields are marked *. [217][218], Urdu marthiya is predominantly religious in nature and usually concentrates on lamenting the Battle of Karbala. Husayn wrote back affirmatively that a rightful leader is the one who acts according to the Qur'an and promised to lead them with the right guidance. Facebook . peace be upon them, the head is buried with the holy body in the holy . [30], According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, one of the moral characteristics of Husayn is Tolerance, humility, eloquence, and finally traits that can be deduced from his behavior, such as despising death, hatred of a shameful life, pride, and the like. [16] The image of Yazid suffered and gave rise to sentiment that he was impious. It remained buried in the town of Ashkelon for about 250 years, until 1153. The Shi'a sources assert that the army was 30,000 strong. 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