[3] [4] It is one of the sixteen Districts of Sierra Leone. [213] Students at primary schools are usually 6 to 12 years old, and in secondary schools 13 to 18. The Republic of Sierra Leone is composed of five regions: the Northern Province, North West Province, Southern Province, the Eastern Province, and the Western Area. Many Liberated Africans were so unhappy that they risked the possibility of being sold back into slavery by leaving Sierra Leone and going back to their original villages. They did not maintain relationships even with longstanding allies, such as Bai Bureh, who was later unfairly portrayed as a prime instigator of the Hut Tax War.[65]. Odelay mask by Temne people. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. The taxes were often higher than the value of the dwellings, and 24 chiefs signed a petition to Cardew, stating how destructive this was; their people could not afford to take time off from their subsistence agriculture. The army was devoted to Bangura, and this made him potentially dangerous to Stevens. She employed her capacity for friendly communications to persuade the British to give her control of the Kpaa Mende chiefdom. Manga Sewa was born in Falaba, Solima chiefdom, in the Northern Province of British Sierra Leone to Yalunka parents. [209] In numbers, females present a lower per cent (6.3) versus males (15.2) when it comes to be paid employees. Samuel Ajayi Crowther was the first student to be enrolled at Fourah Bay. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. [39] The 64 remaining colonists established a second Granville Town.[46][47]. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. [68] A notable event in 1935 was the granting of a monopoly on mineral mining to the Sierra Leone Selection Trust, run by De Beers. [184] Shia Islam does not have a strong presence in Sierra Leone, and there are virtually no Shia Muslims in the country. But at the equivalent tournament in 2006, Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League, it finished as runner-up to Mozambique, and just missed promotion to Division Two. With the lack of new faces in the new APC cabinet under president Momoh and the return of many of the old faces from Stevens' government, criticisms soon arose that Momoh was simply perpetuating the rule of Stevens. The coastal swamp region extends along the . There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown operated by ProCredit Bank. A key indicator of success will be the effectiveness of government management of its diamond sector. Both genders experienced and were involved in high levels of violence. [88] Two thirds of the adult population of the country are illiterate.[212]. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. [124] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[125]. On 19 April 1971, when Sierra Leone became a republic, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces were renamed the Republic of Sierra Leone Military Force (RSLMF). Because Madam Yoko supported the British, some sub-chiefs rebelled, causing Yoko to take refuge in the police barracks. Sierra Leone has good relations with the West, including the United States, and has maintained historical ties with the United Kingdom and other former British colonies through its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. [93], Promises of a return to civilian rule were fulfilled by Bio. [161] There were plans to increase its capacity 400 megawatts by 2017 which would cost around $750 million. The upper part of the drainage basin of the Moa River is located in the south of this region. The country has a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. Ajisafe's church was temporarily shut down by the Sierra Leone government and his church licence was temporarily suspended too. [29] Over time, the climate changed considerably, altering boundaries between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. Male. Though rich in diamonds, it has historically struggled to manage their exploitation and export. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. town in the district of the same name and was the colonial rulers . [16] Muslims make up about three-quarters of the population, though with an influential Christian minority. There is high unemployment, particularly among the youth and ex-combatants. In April 2010, the SLBS merged with the United Nations peacekeeping radio station in Sierra Leone to form the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation,[246][247] the government-owned current national broadcaster in Sierra Leone. [20], Stevens assumed power as Prime Minister again in 1968, following a series of coups, with a great deal of hope and ambition. The large majority of Sierra Leonean Christians are Protestant, of which the largest groups are the Wesleyan Methodists. In the north, from 1820 to 1906, there was a Limba chief named Almamy Suluku who ruled his territory for many years, fighting to protect his territory, while at the same time using diplomacy to trick the protectorate administrators while sending fighters to assist Bai Bureh, a prominent Temne chief in Kasseh who was fighting against the imposition of the "hut tax" by the colonial administrators. [153] In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic growth rate slowed because of a decline in the mining sector and increasing corruption among government officials. Although women account for about 50 per cent of the population in Sierra Leone, only 28 per cent are household heads. Upon Milton Margai's unexpected death in 1964, his younger half-brother, Sir Albert Margai, was appointed as Prime Minister by parliament. [14][15], Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a unicameral parliament and a directly elected president serving a five-year term with a maximum of two terms. [237], According to a national survey carried out in 2006, 84% of the urban population and 32% of the rural population had access to an improved water source. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Originally named Serra Leoa (Portuguese for 'lioness mountains') by Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra in 1462, the modern name is derived from the Italian spelling, which was introduced by Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto and subsequently copied by other European mapmakers. Reference Location: Bonthe District, Sierra Leone. The SLPP leadership, led by Sir Milton Margai, negotiated with the British and the educated Krio-dominated colony based in Freetown to achieve independence. He appointed government officials to represent various ethnic groups. While free health care may be provided in some villages, the medical staff is poorly paid and sometimes charge for their services, taking advantage of the fact that the villagers are not aware of their right to free medical care. In 1995 Defence Headquarters was established, and the Sierra Leone Air Wing formed. The president appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. English is the official language used in schools and government administration. [20] Much trust was placed upon him as he championed multi-party politics. The Mandinka are predominantly found in the east and the northern part of the country. [210], Women face discrimination when it comes to obtaining financial, social, and cultural help to start a business. [158] There have been strong pushes for both solar and hydropower to become the dominant sources of energy in Sierra Leone because of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goal number seven (affordable and clean energy). [158] As a result, the commercialisation of firewood and coal has been a point of contention with aid donors and government agencies such as the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources and the Forestry Division. The current Sierra Leonean Defence Minister is retired Major Alfred Paolo Conteh. Other minor political parties have also existed but with no significant support.[117]. Sierra Leone developed as the educational centre of British West Africa. If you are interested in the answer to the question "How many men and women are there in Bo District, Sierra Leone?" The most widely spoken language among different ethnic groups in the city is Krio. After Pedro da Cintras discovery, foreign influence in the area increased and trade commenced between the locals and Europeans in the form of a barter system. The report indicated that the country's just . Explanation: Boundaries of districts and chiefdoms according to the administrative reorganization of 2017. It is by far the most populous district in the country with a population of 1,050,301 and is located in the Western Area of the country. [79] It is difficult to avoid the economic paralysis in Sierra Leone given that more than half of the population in the country is women. The Lumley-Aberdeen beach stretches all the way from Cape Sierra Leone down to Lumley. Its numerous creeks and estuaries contain mangrove swamps. Many people moved to Freetown during the countrys civil war to avoid violence in more rural areas, and economic opportunities also draw people to the city. In September 2017, a Sierra Leone-based Nigerian Pentecostal Christian pastor name Victor Ajisafe was arrested by the Sierra Leone Police and held in jail after he made controversial remarks against Islam and Sierra Leonean Muslims in particular at his church sermon in the capital Freetown. Sierra Leone's first and second presidents, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, were both ethnic Limba. Islam was introduced by Susu traders, merchants and migrants from the north and east, becoming widely adopted in the 18th century. The coast has areas of low-lying Guinean mangroves swamp. Sierra Leoneans did not passively accept such manipulations. Another 24 were discharged, and another 23 ran away. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. In mid-1974, Guinean soldiers, as requested by Stevens, were stationed in the country to help maintain his hold on power, as Stevens was a close ally of then-Guinean president Ahmed Skou Tour. The Susu and their related Yalunka are traders; both groups are primarily found in the far north in Kambia and Koinadugu District close to the border with Guinea. The majority of newspapers are privately run and are often critical of the government. By September 2014, with the closure of borders, the cancellation of airline flights, the evacuation of foreign workers and a collapse of cross-border trade, the national deficit of Sierra Leone and other affected countries was widening to the point where the IMF was considering expanding its financial support. This polygon shapefile contains the boundary of Sierra Leone (adm0). Strasser replaced Musa as deputy NPRC chairman with Captain Bio, who was instantly promoted by Strasser to brigadier. The Sierra Leone Peninsula, which is the site of Freetown, is a region of thickly wooded mountains that run parallel to the sea for about 25 miles (40 km). Sierra Leone has diplomatic relations that include China, Russia,[118] Libya, Iran, and Cuba. These At the highest level of administration, Sierra Leone is divided into five units. With Strasser's two most senior NPRC allies and commanders Lieutenant Sahr Sandy and Lieutenant Solomon Musa no longer around to defend him, Strasser's leadership within the NPRC's Supreme Council of State became fragile. DuBois, Marc, and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). Waterloo is a major urban transport hub and lies on the . Be the first to get the latest news, music and videos trending in Sierra Leone. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 14 districts. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party; while the majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress.[208]. The British administration favoured a policy of indirect rule whereby they relied on slightly reorganized indigenous institutions to implement colonial policies and maintain order. In Kono District, a rural eastern region of 500,00 people, famous for its diamond mines and as the epicenter of Sierra Leone's decade-long civil war, PIH is investing in every level of the health system. Poyo bars are areas of lively informal debate about politics, football, basketball, entertainment and other issues. The majority of the Kono ethnic group are Christians, though with an influential Muslim minority. They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. Government officials soon became involved in the scheme as well, although their interest was spurred by the possibility of resettling a large group of poor citizens elsewhere. Until 1906, Madam Yoko ruled as a paramount chief in the new British Protectorate. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. Two other commercial TV operators (ABC and AIT) closed after they were not profitable. The names of the four provinces are straightforward and related to their geographical position: The Western Area contains the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown. In addition to being Sierra Leones capital and largest city, Freetown is a major port city and utilizes one of the worlds largest natural deep water harbors. Rural areas are the most common to lack access to education having only male-headed four per cent ahead of females with basic education and 1.2 per cent more at post-graduate level. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. In August 2017, one new province (Northwestern), two new districts (Falaba and Karene) and. [32], European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa during the 15th century. Unpublished master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. Taylor's aim was for the RUF to attack the bases of Nigerian dominated peacekeeping troops in Sierra Leone who were opposed to his rebel movement in Liberia. He was found guilty and sentenced to death, despite the fact that it was Bangura whose actions led to Stevens return to power. Many of the national team footballers are celebrities across Sierra Leone and they are often well known by the general population. The Paramount Chiefs are influential, particularly in villages and small rural towns. Each district has both major and small cities and towns. The rice is prepared in numerous ways, and topped with a variety of sauces made from some of Sierra Leone's favourite toppings, including potato leaves, cassava leaves, crain crain, okra soup, fried fish and groundnut stew.[244]. In 1967, riots broke out in Freetown against Margai's policies; in response he declared a state of emergency across the country. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. Turay, went into hiding and fled the country to Guinea, fearing for his life. These Liberated Africans or recaptives were sold for $20 a head as apprentices to the white settlers, Nova Scotian Settlers, and the Jamaican Maroons. [128][129], Excessive police brutality is also a frequent problem. [55] As the Liberated Africans became successful traders[54] and spread Christianity throughout West Africa, they intermarried with the Nova Scotians and Maroons, and the two groups eventually became a fusion of African and Western societies. Also in 2004, a UN-backed war crimes court began holding trials of senior leaders from both sides of the war. A Continental Perspective", Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone#cite note-Ebola WHO 22 oct-1, "The economic impact of Ebola may kill more people than the virus itself", Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2008, "At Long Last, Recruitment Begins at Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation | ICFJ International Center for Journalists", "Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) Maiden Report 2010-2011", "Sierra Leone Editorial criticizing president prompts multiple proceedings", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing pres", "Editor arrested for comparing Sierra Leone president to a rat | Media", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing president to a rat", "Sierra Leone intensifies media crackdown News", "Sierra Leone: In Sierra Leone, Journalists Held On Libel, Sedition Charges", "Press Freedoms and Human Rights:2005 Year End Press Freedom Brief", "Media use, and attitudes towards media in Sierra Leone:A comprehensive baseline study", "Cricinfo article Uganda and Sierra Leone Win Through", "Visa Issues End Sierra Leone's World Cup Dream", Key Development Forecasts for Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone 2002 Summary Trade Statistics, Hurrarc Human Rights Respect Awareness Raising Campaigners, Environmental Justice Foundation's report on pirate fishing in Sierra Leone, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, Comparison of American and British English, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone&oldid=1134240923, English-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, States and territories established in 1961, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from June 2014, Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from October 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 18:00. Margai's Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) won a plurality of parliamentary seats and he was re-elected Prime Minister. Sir Albert was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favour of his own Mende ethnic group. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. : Sierra Leone News", "SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail We Were Not Supreme Council Members Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities", "Standard Times Press Sierra Leone's NPRC's Ruthlessness No Death Certificates For 29 Sierra Leoneans", "How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers", "Campaigns | Sierra Leone: Imminent execution / death penalty / legal concern", "Sierra Leone: one place where Tony Blair remains an unquestioned hero", "Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign", "Sierra Leone cancels all soccer matches over Ebola outbreak", "Auswrtiges Amt Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise", "7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Sierra Leone", "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", Sierra Leone Legal System and Legal Research, "Sierra Leone declares former junta head president", "Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin", "Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations", "Welcome to the Mano River Union Website", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations", Armed forces (Sierra Leone) Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments, "Summary (Sierra Leone) Jane's World Air Forces", "In Sierra Leone, Army Chief of Defence Staff Commends Troops", "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults", "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone", "ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive", "Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction The District Focus Approach to Development", "Final Results 2004 population and housing census", "Bombali profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Tonkolili profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kambia profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kenema profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kailahun profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Bo profile of geographical entity including name variants", Sierra Leone News: Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes, "Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report", "Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves", "NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]", "Sierra Leone solar push aims to bring electricity to all by 2025", "The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project", "Sierra Leone signs MoU for $750 million hydro power boost", "Hydro brings light and hope to Sierra Leone", "Population, total - Sierra Leone | Data", "Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National Integration", "Recounting the sacrifices that made Bangla the State Language", "Sierra Leone makes Bengali official language", "Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance", "Preventing religious conflict in Sierra Leone: a careful balancing act", "Media Centre In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality", "Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos", "Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured, "National President of the Supreme Islamic Council of Sierra Leone Congratulates H.E (Rtd) Juilius Maada Bio and his vice, Dr Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh", "*Sierra Leone Imams present new president to Hon. 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